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Water Topics
One of MLA's core tasks is to provide information about the numerous ways that water affects the lake community
Water Quality Sampling

Water quality has been consistently ranked as the top priority by respondents to MLA several surveys and studies. As a result, Water Quality initiatives figure prominently in the list of Action Items included in the MLA Lake Plan, launched in 2015, and updated in 2021.
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History - Water quality information on Mississippi Lake has been gathered under a variety of programs since 1968, primarily to examine the trophic status of the lake (the amount of biomass present in the lake). Please consult this table which indicates how the measurement of total phosphorus concentration, water clarity, and chlorophyll A levels can be used to assess the overall trophic status of the lake. Mississippi Lake, being shallow and having a broad surface area, is subject to excessive aquatic vegetation and algae growth and was considered to be eutrophic in the late 1960’s through much of the 1970’s.
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Water sampling includes measurement of:
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total phosphorus, since elevated phosphorus concentrations are a major factor in promoting plant growth and algae blooms;
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water clarity, which is primarily affected by the amount of suspended algae, using a Secchi Disc; and
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and the concentration of active chlorophyll (chlorophyll A), as a measure of the amount of photosynthesizing plants (algae and phytoplankton) in the water.
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Sampling programs have also included other water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature, although these are not addressed in detail in the annual State of the Lake reports. However, it is reassuring to note that dissolved oxygen measurements have and continue to show life-supporting oxygen concentrations throughout the water profile.
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​Water Rangers (https://app.waterangers.ca) was established in 2016 by a group of dedicated web developers and passionate conservationists to map water quality conditions and issues throughout eastern Ontario.
Occurrences such as blue-green algae appear on the map, along with photographs and atmospheric conditions. The mapping is coordinated with Citizen Water Watch, a mobile reporting system. The Water Rangers platform invites visitors to Add an Observation, Report an Issue or View the summary for any selected body of water. In the case of Mississippi Lake, we can see previously reported incidents mapped in the location where they occurred, along with the relevant reporting details.
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Here is a great site to visit if you want to see all the water quality information that has been compiled for locations on Mississippi Lake. Simply go to the Mississippi Lake Map and browse to your heart's content! Each location has a list of all the observations that have been logged, along with trends in the various parameters.
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Become a Water Ranger and report your observations!
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State of the Lake
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State of the Lake Report for 2015
State of the Lake Report for 2016 and 2017
Mississippi Watershed Management

Most of us are aware that water levels on our lake are controlled to some extent, but we wonder why flooding occasionally occurs, and sometimes levels drop late in the summer. There is a dam at Carleton Place, so why can't the lake be maintained at a constant level? There is no simple answer because the problem is quite complex.
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This lake is part of the Mississippi River watershed, a vast network of lakes, rivers and streams with a drainage area of 3750 sq. km. The river is 212 km long and there are approximately 268 lakes. Most of the water that feeds this system arrives during a short period of time during the spring runoff, which can lead to much increased water levels and flooding. However, for most of the year, the average rainfall in the area is not sufficient to provide flows to maintain suitable lake levels, especially on Dalhousie and Mississippi Lakes. Various dams on the watershed are operated by MVCA to manage these two conflicting situations, (and many other issues including ecological, wildlife habitat, erosion, etc.).
Mississippi River Water Management Plan (MRWMP)
MVCA is responsible for managing the water levels in the watershed. Although an informal operating plan had been used over the years, a formal Mississippi River Water Management Plan (MRWMP) was developed and approved for use in June 2006. This Plan was the result of an extensive study of the numerous factors affecting water management in this system. Much consideration was given to an integrated approach to maximize all uses of the river including water power, flood control, low flow augmentation, fish and wildlife, tourism, and recreation.
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Mississippi River Watershed Plan 2021
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By 2019, MVCA recognized the need for a more integrated approach to watershed management and began a detailed review of the numerous factors involved. The result was the Mississippi River Watershed Plan, published in July 2021. The 2006 MRWMP continues to be an important and pertinent part of overall watershed management.
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Carleton Place Dam Operation
This topic has been of particular interest to residents of Lake Mississippi and the communities immediately downstream. MVCA provides a detailed account of the operating priciples of the dam on pages 86 to 91 in the MRWMP
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Flooding Considerations
Mississippi Lake is a relatively shallow lake with a substantial portion of low lying shoreline. During periods of heavy precipitation or during the Spring freshet, the shoreline is vulnerable to flooding. Important components of watershed management are the identification of these vulnerabilities and the development of regulations to minimize risk and damage to life and property. Accordingly, the MVCA has undertaken an extensive floodplain mapping project, and provides excellent information on their website regarding flood prone areas, flood warning messages, and regulations for building on a floodplain.

Ice Out Dates
The following are the current and past ice-out dates observed from Ebbs Bay Shore on the Big Lake, as well as from observers in other parts of the Mississippi Lakes system. If anyone can provide information for earlier dates, that would be much appreciated. Also, some of you may have observed different dates, since many bays trap ice for a few days after it leaves the Big Lake.
Over the last 30 years:
The earliest ice out date was 21 March 2024
The latest ice out date was 27 April 2018
The average ice out date has been 15 April
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Ice Out Dates:
1994 - 24 April
1995 - 4 April
1996 - 23 April
1997 - 26 April
1998 - 10 April
1999 - 11 April
2000 - 2 April
2001 - 18 April
2002 - 12 April
2003 - 21 April
2004 - 19 April
2005 - 19 April
2006 - 13 April
2007 - 21 April
2008 - 21 April
2009 - 5 April
2010 - 4 April
2011 - 13 April
2012 - 25 March
2013 - 19 April
2014 - 26 April
2015 - 21 April
2016 - 16 April
2017 - 17 April
2018 - 27 April
2019 - 24 April
2020 - 10 April
2021 - 4 April
2022 - 15 April
2023 - 16 April
2024 - 21 March
2025 - 17 April
2026 -
2027 -
2028 -
2029 -
2030 -